Create and Sustain Tension in the Crucible Essay Example

Create and Sustain Tension in the Crucible Paper Going to the theatre is both an intimate and exciting experience for the audience. It creates a tense atmosphere by having the action so close to you. The theatre offers a completely different experience than sitting alone with a book. At the theatre you are sharing your experience, atmosphere and emotion with everyone around you. When youre reading a book you have to use your imagination and make up images about the characters in your head. You may feel closer to the characters whilst reading a book but in a theatre you are physically closer to the characters, which adds to the reality of the situation. I think that the way a theatre production happens in a short amount of time makes it a lot more dramatic than a book, which is spread out, and you can put it down whenever you want. At the theatre you feel more part of the drama than if you were reading a book. This is because you are a witness to all the events and if you know something that a character doesnt you feel involved. Theatre therefore creates such a tense and emotional atmosphere because of the live actors and reality of the performance. Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, illustrates how people react to hysteria created by one person or a group of people. We will write a custom essay sample on Create and Sustain Tension in the Crucible specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Create and Sustain Tension in the Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Create and Sustain Tension in the Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This happened during the McCarthy hearings of the 1950s and the Salem witch-hunts of 1692. In the McCarthy hearings many Americans were wrongly accused of being Communist sympathizers. The activities of the House of Un-American Activities Committee began to be linked with the witchcraft trials that had taken place in the town of Salem. This provided Miller with the catalyst to write The Crucible. Without the knowledge of the McCarthy hearings and the Salem witch hunts, The Crucible may be seen as a melodrama and the events in the play, sensationalized. It is not a melodrama because it is actually not overly dramatic; the McCarthy hearings and the witch-hunts inject realism in the play. The play deals with historical events and with characters that have a historical context. The Crucible is based upon the happenings of the witch-hunts in Salem. The Salem community was made up of Puritans who had emigrated from England to escape persecution for their religious beliefs in 1620. The community was insular living by its own rules and regulations. Being Puritans they were very church loving and against the devil and ungodly acts such as dancing. The village was tightly knit, everyone knew each other and social status was very important. Arguments were common in such a claustrophobic environment. A community living in a puritan society like Salem could easily fall into a chaotic state and have great difficulties dealing with what they considered to be the worst form of evil. In the strong Puritan community, young males and females werent allowed normal social interaction, which consequently often led to sexual tension and jealousy. Superficially, Salems society seems to be one of belonging in that everyone shares the same values and religious beliefs, and complies by the rules; but the fact that Proctor and Abigail have an affair shows that this is not always the case. Abigails speech I know how you clutched my back behind your house and sweated like a stallion whenever I came near is highly dramatic in its animalistic imagery. Abigail presents herself to Proctor as the object of his desires. She uses language in an attempt to arouse Proctor to be drawn to her again. Abigail and Proctors relationship has a big effect on Elizabeth and Proctors relationship. At the end, Elizabeth is in the moving situation of performing an act that allows her husband to choose death: Only be sure of this, for I know it now: Whatever you will do, it is a good man does it. The key word is now because it tells us that there was a time when she doubted his goodness. Their love is what they belong to. We also become aware of Thomas Putnams desire to acquire more land. Both Giles Corey and John Proctor mention that the Putnams had a habit of claiming land that didnt belong to them. We also know that the Putnams blame Goody Osburn, Mrs Putnams midwife, for all their stillborn children. Looking for someone other than themselves to blame for these dead children, they point their finger at her for murdering their children: I begged him not to call Osburn because I feared her. My babies always shriveled in her hands! This shows how determined Mrs Putnam was to put the blame on witchcraft. This quote came in Act 1 just after Tituba had named Goody Osburn and three others accusing them of coming with her to the Devil. Another heated relationship is John Proctor and Reverend Parriss. Proctor dislikes Parris since he sees the Reverend as a greedy, ungodly man. For example, Parris complains of low salary. The Crucible is structured in four acts. Each act begins with low tension, then rises to a climax by the end of the act. For example at the beginning of Act Two there is a calm discussion between John and Elizabeth Proctor. The tension then starts to rise as Mary Warren gets back from court and angers John Proctor. The tension continues to rise as fingers are pointed and accusations made. The scene ends with Innocent Elizabeth Proctor being dragged off by the officials of the village. The climax of the scene is Mary Warren hysterically weeping because Proctor demanded that she tell the court how the doll came to be in his house with the needle stuck in it: Proctor (grabbing her by the throat as though he would strangle her): Make your peace with it! Now Hell and Heaven grapple on our backs, and all our old pretence is ripped away make your peace! This would make the audience feel Proctors anger but also feel slightly sorry for Mary, she is having pressure and blame placed on her by Proctor. At the climax at the end of each act the curtain falls and there is a blackout. This leaves the audience in a state of shock and frustration and allows them to reflect on and absorb what has just happened. Miller uses a variety of techniques to ensure that tension is not lost and is kept at a peak throughout the play. By using a basic form and structure, The Crucible is easy to follow; it uses the dialogue and pace to aid the building of tension to the ultimate tragic climax of Proctors death During The Crucible pace is used as a technique in creating tension. Throughout Act 1, the action is immediate and there is a constant flow of different people being introduced. By placing this act within a small room, Miller gives the feeling of the characters being suffocated and a lack of privacy in the village. In all four acts the setting is very similar. All the acts take place inside dark, small rooms without a lot of furniture. Throughout the play the settings are dark with a small amount of light seeping through the windows. This creates claustrophobic and brooding atmosphere, which makes the audience feel nervous, they are anticipating something sinister from when the scene starts. Act four is the only act that isnt set in the daytime, however it is lit, like every scene, by a small amount of light coming through the window but in this scene it is moonlight instead of sunlight: The place is in darkness but for the moonlight seeping through the bars. At the end of act four the sun rises to represent a new beginning after the highly dramatic end to the play. One of the ways Arthur Miller creates tension is by using dramatic dialogue to show the characters increasing hysteria. Proctor (with a cry of his whole soul): Because it is my name!

Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essays

Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essays Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essay Should Companies Promote Healthy Lifestyles Essay Companies must condone employees’ healthy lifestyles, in order to increase productivity within the workplace, which will potentially lead to higher profits. By encouraging their employees to lead healthy lifestyles, and partake in regular physical activity, companies will be projecting a positive image to society, improving the lives or their workers, whilst simultaneously reaping the financial benefits. As well as producing financial benefits, a healthy lifestyle can bring physiological and social benefits to companies and their employees. Physical activity has been proven to increase productivity in the workplace. In a recent study of worker performance, Pronk stated that â€Å"higher levels of physical activity related to reduced decrements in quality of work performance and overall job performance. † (2004, p. 19) This increase in productivity and efficiency created by healthier employees will eventually lead to higher profits for companies. A healthier employee will lead to a healthier bottom line, however this is not the only benefit that companies will receive as a result of encouraging regular exercise. As well as being more energetic and productive, a healthier employee is generally happier. A workplace comprised of happy employees will lead to higher worker morale, and will create a more positive, friendlier workplace in general. Although the consequential increase in productivity will lead to higher profits, companies will financially benefit from condoning regular physical activities in more ways than one. U. S. postal company UPS experienced the following benefits after they implemented their †Comprehensive Safety and Health Process† in 1995. On the whole, UPS has seen a decrease in absenteeism, an increase in productivity and morale, and a 60% reduction in on the job injuries since the program was first implemented. † (Bloom, 2008, p. 41) By being more proactive in condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles, companies will potentially save funds spent on sick leave and workers’ compensation payouts, as healthy, fit employees are less likely to fall sick or be injured. Should they sustain injuries within the workplace, it is more likely that their injuries will be less serious than those sustained by an unfit or overweight employee. The financial benefits of condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles were further outlined in a study that observed the outcomes of a health and productivity program implemented within the workplace. â€Å"Financially speaking, an effective, comprehensive, properly executed Hamp;P (health and productivity) program can drive significant business results†¦. employers have implemented successful Hamp;P programs leading to improved health, increased productivity and lower benefits costs – and, in turn, higher levels of performance, returns to shareholders and market premiums. (Wolf, 2008, p. 7) This study successfully reinforced each aspect of the financial benefit for companies of condoning regular physical activities and healthy lifestyles. Although the financial benefits for companies are extensive, the positive influence of employees’ healthy lifestyles extends much further into society. When encouraged by their employers to exercise regularly and lead healthy lifestyles, employees will more than likely continue to live healthily at home. Health is after all, a lifestyle, and it will extend and apply to all aspects of employees’ lives. Given the current rising obesity epidemic, this positive influence will have a considerable impact on society, and eventually encourage other members of the community to adopt healthy lifestyles. An aspect of this issue that may be argued is that of its influence on childhood obesity. Whilst adult obesity is on the rise, childhood obesity is also rapidly increasing. Some members of society may criticise that whilst employers condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles could decrease the prevalence of adult obesity, it will have no effect on the lifestyles of children in the community. Whilst it is true that it will take much more than the encouragement of employers to address the issue of obesity, it is a step in the right direction for all members of society. Although employers may only be encouraging their workers to exercise and lead healthy lifestyles, they are, at the same time, encouraging their employees’ families to do the same. Should an employee decide to adopt a healthy lifestyle, and take advantage of the incentives offered to them by their employers, it is likely that this will have such a positive effect on their lives that they will then happily condone similar lifestyle changes to other members of their family, including their children. This encouragement may include preparing healthier meals at home, limiting intake of unhealthy convenience foods, and making exercise a regular, family activity. By being more proactive in condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles, and promoting regular exercise, employers will not only be improving their profits, and increasing the health of their employees, they will also have a positive influence on the lifestyles of their workers families, and project a positive image to the community. However small their impact may be, it will help society work toward eliminating obesity, decreasing the occurrence of lifestyle related illnesses such as adult-onset (Type 2) diabetes, and creating a healthier community in general. In order to enable their employees to lead healthy lifestyles and exercise regularly, employers must offer a means, and incentive to their workers, to encourage them to adopt this lifestyle change. This could be done in a number of ways, including offering employees a discount on gymnasium memberships, subsidising or even reimbursing the cost. Companies could also invest in the installation of fitness facilities within the workplace, making exercise and fitness even more accessible to their employees. By offering this benefit to all workers, companies are also increasing the ways in which they can attract new employees. This may be the incentive needed to encourage highly employable workers to apply for positions within their company, as they are offering additional benefits, and creating a more appealing workplace in general. It may be argued that the cost of installing fitness facilities, or subsidising gym memberships would be a waste of company funding. However, this can potentially be viewed as an asset for companies. Companies invest in their employees each day, by paying them wages, benefits and superannuation. However, in order to gain the maximum return on their investment, companies must make sure that their employees are working efficiently and productively, and generating high revenues. The best way of doing this is by ensuring that their employees are physically fit and healthy, making them more productive, and an asset to the company, instead of a potential liability. Therefore, it can be concluded that condoning employees’ healthy lifestyles and encouraging regular exercise is a credible way of increasing worker productivity and efficiency, which will ultimately lead to higher revenue for companies. Whilst companies may incur initial costs when implementing health and productivity programs, they will potentially be saving company funds spent on sick leave payments and workers compensation payouts, which can often be very expensive. In addition to increased profits, companies will be projecting a positive image to the community, and influencing other members of society to adopt healthier lifestyles and helping to cease the rise in obesity. Bibliography Bloom, S. 2008). Employee Wellness Program: How UPS Improved Productivity amp; Reduced Injuries. Professional Safety, p. 41 Pronk, N. P. , et al. (2004). The Association Between Work Performance and Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Fitness and Obesity. Journal of Occupational amp; Environmental Medicine, 46, p. 19-25 Wolf, S. (2008). A Truly Healthy Bottom Line – Improving Financial Results Through Effective Health and Productivity Programs. Benefits Quarterly, 24, p. 7